Drug Trade and Addiction Grows Along with Rapid Growth of...

Along with the rapid growth of Chinese economy, the illicit drug trade and use regain attention widely since three decades ago (Lu, Fang, Wang, 2008). According to the official reports, the populati on of addicts has skyrocketed to more than 1 million in 21st century, while open sources suspect the real number is as high as 12 million, which have casted profound impact on public health including the widespread HIV/AIDS , while transnational illegal drug trade are evolving from traditional triad organizations to non -triad networking, generating horrendous national security problems as well as impairing international development (Chu Levy, 2005; Swanstrà ¶m He, 2006). Regarding the public health threat and rampant cross-border drug-related crimes, China has annually inputted a great deal of human, physical and financial resources, though the unsatisfactory results reveal the insufficiency of Chinese drug policy, embodying in three aspects – incompatibility between â€Å"zero tolerance† and â€Å"harm reduction† pursued by different governmental agencies respectively , ineffective law enforcement to combat against illicit drug trade, and violation of addicts’ human rights during incarceration (Baldwin, 2013; HRW, 2010). 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African Countries, Sierra Leon And Ghana - 1502 Words

I have chosen to dissect two West African countries, Sierra Leon and Ghana, along with Peru located in South America and lastly the United States located in North America. Sierra Leon is a British established colony founded in 1787 for slaves returning to Africa from Great Britain and also the United States, its primary language is Krio spoken by 97% of citizens. Sierra Leone became an independent country within the Commonwealth of Nations on April 27 of 1961 and Freetown was deemed the capital city. Sierra Leone holds a population of 6,453,184 and population density of 89.4 per square kilometer. In spite that this country is very poor it still suffers the consequences of the Civil war. Yet its mineral, farming and angling assets still ensures potential for monetary future developments. Earnest Bai Koroma is the current President of Sierra Leon. Earnest Bai Koroma is a graduate from the oldest University in West Africa, Fourth Bay College class of 1976, born October 2 1953. Sierra L eon Presidential term limit consists of a maximum of 2 five-year term limits. Earnest BK is now serving his 2nd term as of 2007. During Earnest Bai Presidency Sierra Leonean faced detrimental governmental issues, commanded by the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014. As the nation experienced the most exceedingly sicknesses ever. The President was condemned for the Government slow reaction and for the outrageous measures it took, for example, shutting down the whole nation to check the spreadShow MoreRelatedThe International Monetary Fund ( Imf )1501 Words   |  7 PagesWashington D.C in America. IMF provides short term loans to countries having problems of balance of payments. It also provides technical advice to its members and ensures free flow of trade by removing all trade restrictions. It establishes and maintains stable exchange rate between member countries. Each member of the IMF Funds and could only withdraws 25% of its contribution. However, the IMF has special Drawing Rights for member countries since 1970 and subsequently some members have even drawRead MorePolitics And Its Effect On Society1474 Words   |  6 Pagesas equal human beings not described with their reproductive organ, this making the former less of the better. Over the past few years, women have been pushed to the backbench and suffered gender discrimination and equality. In the third World countries the woman is seen more of an object or an asset owned by a man, where they are stuck doing menial jobs and rendering services for the man, who is considered the â€Å"head† of the family. Until recently, international agencies neglected the inclusionRead MoreKenya s Free Maternity Care Policy Essay1932 Words   |  8 PagesPresident Uhuru Kenyatta, reported by the daily Nation A. Analysis Goal This paper examines Kenya’s free maternity care policy, highlighting its successes, gaps, and contextualizing it by comparing it to comparable policies in similar settings on the African continent and globally. Additionally, this analysis offers recommendations on ways to improve the implementation of the policy. B. Introduction and Problem Statement In front of cheering crowds celebrating the day Kenya attained self-rule –MadarakaRead MoreEssay about Terrorism Threats to the African Continent 1996 Words   |  8 Pagesterrorism to the Middle East, the African continent is silently grows as a safe haven for terrorist groups. Although these terrorist groups operate in different countries under different names, their connection to the most known international terror organizations is noticeable. For decades, countries of East, North and West Africa have been experiencing several heinous terrorist attacks that resulted into deaths of hundreds of people. The African states through African Union regarded terrorism as one

The Symbiotic Relationships between Microbial Organisms and Plants Free Essays

string(126) " In order to protect nitrogenase, they form this intricate symbiotic relationship with leguminous workss, such as soya beans\." The Symbiotic Relationships between Microbial Organisms and Plants | With Concentrations in Rhizobium A ; Mycorrhiza Introduction– There are many capturing microbic beings that spend a important part of their life rhythm shacking in the dirt profiles. These beings include roundworms, Protozoa, Fungis, bacteriums and different arthropods. Together they play critical functions in act uponing dirt features and keeping healthy dirt profiles. We will write a custom essay sample on The Symbiotic Relationships between Microbial Organisms and Plants or any similar topic only for you Order Now In our instance, we will be chiefly concentrating on Fungis and bacteriums. Fungi and bacteriums are really normally found inside the dirt and they have huge impact on dirt birthrate and works growing. It is instead challenging to analyze their interactions with workss and their single maps. The intent of this research paper is to derive a deeper comprehension of their perplexing relationship with workss ; and most significantly, to carry through my intense wonder of why such symbioses are so indispensable to the well-being of our assorted ecosystems and even for us worlds? Plant Foods– The three primary foods workss reliant to a great extent on are nitrogen, P, and K. Since we will be extensively analyzing the functions of bacteriums and Fungis, thereby we are more concerned with N and P. So so, why do workss necessitate those foods? Nitrogen is one of the indispensable chemical elements workss needed for growing and reproduction. It is a constituent of chlorophyll and thereby critical for photosynthesis. It is besides a major constituent of amino acids, the edifice blocks for proteins ; and without proteins, workss would shrivel and decease ( U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2015 ) . In add-on, some of the proteins act as structural units in works cells while others act as enzymes, doing possible many of the biochemical reactions on which life is based. Nitrogen is besides a constituent of energy-transfer compounds, such as adenosine triphosphate, known as ATP. ATP grants cells the ability to conserve and utilize energy released in metamorphosis. Nitrogen is besides a important constituent of nucleic acids such as Deoxyribonucleic Acid, known as Deoxyribonucleic acid, the familial stuff that allows cells to turn and reproduce. Phosphorous is another critical food both as portion of several cardinal works construction compounds and as a contact action in the transition of legion cardinal biochemical reactions in workss. Phosphorous is notably responsible for its function in capturing and change overing sun’s energy into utile works compounds. Like N, P is a critical constituent of DNA. It is a constituent of RNA, the compound that reads the DNA familial codification to construct proteins and other compounds indispensable for works construction, seed output and familial transportation. The construction of both DNA and RNA are linked together by P bonds. Another similar belongings that phosphorus portions with Nitrogen is that it is besides critical constituent of ATP. ATP signifiers during photosynthesis, and uses P within its construction, and it processes from the beginning of seedling growing through to the formation of grain and adulthood ( U.S Department of Agriculture, 2015 ) . Therefore, both N and phosphoric are indispensable elements needed for the general wellness and energy of all workss, they help to increase chaff and root strength, better flower formation and seed production and support plants’ development throughout their full life rhythm. Without neither N nor phosphoric, there would be no life on Earth as we know it. Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria Analysis –Rhizobium As mentioned above, N is an indispensable food for workss as it is portion of their nucleic acids and proteins. Nitrogen can be in many signifiers, such as Nitrogen Gas, Ammonia, Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonium and Nitrous Oxide. Dinitrogen or N gas is really abundant and makes up 78 per centum of our ambiance. Unfortunately, workss are unable to utilize them straight because they lack the necessary enzymes to change over the gas into biologically utile signifiers. The job here is that N gas is non really reactive ; it will barely interact with other chemicals to make new compounds ( Brady A ; Weil, 2010 ) . However, there is a manner to repair the unserviceable signifier through either chemical or biological procedures ; and the repair procedure itself is called nitrogen arrested development. The nitrogen arrested development procedures will interrupt down the ternary bond that held the N atoms together and liberate them up for transmutation. The atoms can so be integrated with other el ements to organize ammonium hydroxide, ammonium or N dioxides. Now we introduce the construct of biological N arrested development. It was foremost discovered by German agronomist Hermann Hellriegel and Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck. Biological N arrested development is the procedure of transition of atmospheric N into ammonium hydroxide by beings through an enzyme called nitrogenase ( Peters, Fisher A ; Dean 1995 ) . Within the nitrogenase, there are two important protein composites that are responsible for the decrease of N gas, viz. Fe-protein A ; MoFe-protein. The reductive reaction can be expressed by the equationN2 + 8H+ +8e- + 16 ATPi?2NH3 + H2 + 16ADP + 16Pi. Think of the Fe-protein composite as a power house and the MoFe-protein composite as a mill. A mill requires energy to bring forth merchandises, and that is when the power house stairss in to run into the demand. Fe-protein ( the power house ) receives elections ( energy ) from a flavedoxin ( an negatron reassigning protein, in this instance, think of it as a air curren t turbine ) and transfers them further to the MoFe-protein ( the mill ) . The negatron transferring is made possible by the coincident hydrolysis of ATP to ADP A ; Pi, where more energy is produced to back up the transit of negatrons. MoFe-protein so takes the negatrons, atmospheric N gas, and H converts them into ammonium hydroxide along with a remnant H molecule. It is of import to observe that enzymes within nitrogenase can be destroyed by free O molecules. Thereby, organisms that fix N must guarantee the enzymes do non acquire exposed to oxygen ( Brady A ; Weil 2010 ) . The being that fix N are a type of dirt bacteriums and they are jointly called Rhizobium. In order to protect nitrogenase, they form this intricate symbiotic relationship with leguminous workss, such as soya beans. You read "The Symbiotic Relationships between Microbial Organisms and Plants" in category "Essay examples" They begin by infecting the plants’ root hairs and the cortical cells ; it leads the formation of root nodules that serve as the safe oasis for nitrogen arrested development ( Long, 2004 ) . The procedure in which the nodules signifier is really absorbing. The plants’ root hairs release certain chemical signals to pull rhizobia bacteriums that are present in the dirt. Rhizobia enter the root and get down to proliferate and do an infection yarn to organize. The infection yarn will so turn into the cerebral mantle of the root. When the infection yarn has reached far plenty into the plants’ root, it will let go of bacterial cells, which become bacteroids in root cells. Nod factors from the bacteriums will do cortical cells to split and take to the eventual formation of nodules. It is curiously interesting that the plants’ immune system is digesting the infection ; alternatively of killing the bacteroids, they keep them within their cells. When Rhizobium are inside the nodules, they do non hold to cover with free O molecules and now can safely utilize nitrogenase to cut down atmospheric N to ammonium hydroxide. Through this symbiotic relationship, the host workss gain benefits from utilizing an eternal beginning of N from the ambiance that are now in a more biological useable signifier. In return, rhizobia receive saccharides generated through photosynthesis for energy ( since it takes energy to execute the transition ) , every bit good as a protected shelter in which for them to populate and turn ( Brady A ; Weil, 2010 ) . Plants are now able to use the ammonium hydroxide ensuing from bacterial N arrested development for growing. The compound is transported into works tissues and is so incorporated into aminic acids, which are so made into works pro teins. For cases, soya beans and peanuts produced by leguminous plant workss contain extraordinary high degrees of protein and are among the most of import agricultural beginnings of protein in the universe. The curious mutualism between legume workss and Rhizobium illustrate the manner they help to prolong each other’s lives. Consequently, it is besides assisting us worlds to prolong our lives. In fact, our well-being is to a great extent dependent upon this important and yet low-cost beginning of protein. We consume them as portion of our basic diet and we use them as animate being provenders. Farmers, they take the advantage of this mutualism and utilize it to fertilise their harvest land through harvest rotary motion – for case, they use soya beans and other leguminous plant workss in rotary motions with grass harvests such as maize or wheat to straight shoot biological useable N back to the dirt ( U.S. Department of Agriculture’s, 2015 ) . Nitrogen arrested development procedure besides at the same time contributes to dirty birthrate because the works roots leaves behind some of the biologically available N. Rhizobium is a natural and environmentally friendly ma nner to fertilise workss as oppose to chemical fertilisation that use a non-renewable resources, such as natural gas. Taken together, who would hold of all time thought that such elusive relationship between workss and bacteriums can hold such an tremendous consequence on all the species’ endurance. Alimentary Delivering Fungi Analysis – Mycorrhiza As antecedently stated, phosphoric is one the most indispensable foods for many life beings, particularly for workss. Plants must utilize phosphoric for normal growing and adulthood. The component plays a immense function in photosynthesis, energy storage and transportation, cell division and many of import procedures in workss. Without phosphoric, a works would non even be able to finish its normal production rhythm. Soil phosphoric is classified into two groups, organic and inorganic. Organic phosphoric can be found in works residues and manures. Inorganic P consists of apatite ( a group of phosphate minerals and original beginning of all phosphoric ) and composites of Fe and aluminium phosphates and P absorbed onto clay atoms. The job associated with phosphoric and its relevant compounds are their solubility. The solubility of both organic and inorganic P is highly low and merely a really little fraction of dirt P is present in solution at any one clip. To give a position, most dirts contain less than a lb per acre of soluble P and with some dirt incorporating even less ( Ingham, Trofymow, A ; Coleman, 1985 ) . Since there will be really small P in dirt solution and most of them being stuck onto clay atoms due to molecular attractive forces, it would be rather hard for workss to seek for and intake P. However, merely because workss themselves are unable to obtain the foods they need, it does n on intend they can non inquire for aid from other being ; for cases, mycorrhizal Fungis. First and first, it is of import to understand what Fungi are and how do mycorrhizal fungi differentiate themselves from their sort. Fungi are primary beings that can non synthesise their ain nutrient and are really dependent on complex organic substances for C. There are three functional groups of Fungis, decomposers, pathogens, and mutualists. First, we have decomposers or saprophytic Fungis ; they are an of import portion of our ecosystems and play a necessary function in immobilising and retaining foods in the dirt by devouring foods in organic affair. They are capable of degrading cellulose, proteins and lignin, some of which are extremely immune to breakdown ( Smith A ; Read, 2008 ) . They can change over dead organic affair into their ain fungous organic structures, C dioxide and organic acids. They are besides indispensable for the decomposition of difficult woody organic affair. Through decomposition, they help to supply a fresh beginning of indispensable foods for new coevalss of life. Second, we have infective Fungis, such as Verticillium, Phytophthora and Pythium ; they are really rather damaging to the wellness of workss. Those beings will perforate the works and break up the life tissue, doing the works to be weakened and alimentary deficient or even decease ( Smith A ; Read, 2008 ) . Last, we have mutualistic Fungis that form reciprocally good relationships with workss. Mycorrhizal Fungis are possibly the most well-known amongst mutualists. There are four groups of mycorrhizal Fungis, arbuscular, ectomycorrhizal, ericoid and orchid ( Smith A ; Read, 2008 ) . Our chief focal point will be on arbuscular mycorrhizae, they are the most common signifier of mycorrhiza, particularly in agricultural works associations. This fungus has arbuscules which are growing formed inside the works root and have many little projections traveling inside the plants’ cells. Arbuscules are believed to be the major site where the C and alimentary exchange between works and fungus occurs. It is named so due to their â€Å"tree-like† construction, arbuscules are created by perennial ramification of hyphae once they enter a cell within a works root. Fungus kingdoms are heterotrophic beings, intending they must absorb their nutrient. They have the capableness of absorbing elements such as P and N which are indispensable for life. Plants are autophytic ; they produce their ain nutrient in the signifier of saccharides through the procedure of photosynthesis. It is of import to observe that plants’ roots frequently have trouble obtaining and absorbing Ps due to the element’s stationariness and unsolvability inside the dirt. However, arbuscular mycorrhizae can assist workss to widen the volume of dirt explored through their hyphae. Mycorrhizal Fungis are characterized by those really thin hyphae, which are between 1 and 10 thousandths of a millimetre in breadth. Impressively, up to 5 metres of populating hyphae can be extracted from 1 gm of dirt. These hyphae explore the dirt expansively and intercept phosphoric compounds, it would so bring forth enzymes to solubilize P from inorganic stone, absorb the food, and transpo rt them back to the host-plant ( Baum A ; Gruda 2012 ) . The hyphae would organize webs between neighbouring dirt atoms, between roots and dirt atoms or even between roots of different workss. And since they are arbuscular mycorrhizae, they besides form webs inside the roots they colonize. These intricate webs of hyphae are normally referred to as mycelium. In this instance, both workss and fungus depend on the symbiotic relationship to develop and last. At the terminal, they both benefit from each other. Mycorrhiza fungi usage mycelium to happen phosphoric and transport it back to the host works. In exchange, the Fungis receive saccharides as a signifier of payment for assisting the workss ( Brady A ; Weil, 2010 ) . In add-on, mycorrhizal associations may besides assist to cut down onslaught from root pathogens through the secernment of bacteriums killing enzymes and antibiotics ( Lugtenberg A ; Bennet, 1991 ) . It is undeniable that mycorrhizae play an huge function in sustainable works productiveness and care of dirt construction. Furthermore, it is estimated that about 90 % of all vascular land workss ( land workss that have lignified tissues, the xylem, for carry oning H2O and minerals throughout the works organic structure ) live in some association with mycorrhizal Fungis. Mycorrhizal associations are besides seen in dodo recor d and are believed to be one of the lending factors that allowed early land workss to suppress the land around 450 million old ages ago. The symbioses between workss and mycorrhizae affect our ecological procedure in many intricate and elusive ways. And knowledge refering mycorrhizal Fungi has well helped us to progress in engineering that made possible the production of microbic inoculums. Those inoculums act as bio-fertilizers which significantly improved the endurance, growing and constitution of trees and harvests ( Baum A ; Gruda, 2012 ) . We are able to bask the shadiness of oaks, decorate Christmas trees, and eat delightful blueberries all thanks to the benefits from the concealed universe of mycorrhizal Fungis, a universe that helps to prolong the endurance of about all of the earth’s land workss. Decision– Symbiosis is a alone relationship exhibited between two beings where they live together in a close association. The two beings would work together and exchange foods to guarantee each individual’s endurance. The mutualism between legume workss and Rhizobium provide us humans a important and yet low-cost beginning of protein. The mutualism between vascular workss and mycorrhizae has a enormous impact on the well-being of many ecological procedures due to the fact it supports the endurance of the earth’s huge land workss. We are able to bask many things in our life all thanks to symbiotic relationship amongst these microbic beings. I personally feel that many of us have gotten so busy with carry throughing our wonder towards outer infinite that we have forgotten to appreciate what are concealed underneath the land. Another philosophical takeout from composing this research paper is that I have learned the value of mutuality. None of us are born perfect, a nd it might be better if we can swear and trust on one another in society for endurance and to boom as people. For case, if I’m inadequate at making certain things, I can possibly inquire my friend to assist me out, and in exchange I can assist him or her with something that she is non good at. Therefore, I believe that by working together hand in glove and collaboratively, we can optimise our consequences and accomplish astonishing things that we otherwise would non be able to accomplish by ourselves entirely. Mentions Baum C. , EL-Tohamy W. A ; Gruda N. ( 2012 ) . Increasing the productiveness and merchandise quality of vegetable harvests utilizing arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungi.Scientia Horticulturae,187, 131 – 141. Brady N. C. A ; Weil R. R. ( 2010 ) .Elementss of the Nature and Properties of Soils, Third Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Ingham R. E. , Trofymow J.A. , Ingham E.R. A ; Coleman D.C. ( 1985 ) . Interactions of Bacteria, Fungi, and their Nematode Grazers: Effectss on Nutrient Cycling and Plant Growth.Ecological Monographs,55,( 1 ) , 119-140. Lugtenberg J.J. B. , Weger A.L. A ; Bennett J.W. ( 1991 ) . Microbial stimulation of works growing and protection from disease.Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2, ( 3 ) , 457 – 464. Long R. S. ( 2004 ) . Rhizobium-legume nodulation: Life together in the resistance.Cell,56, ( 2 ) , 203-214. Peters J.W. , Fisher K. A ; Dean D.R ( 1995 ) . Nitrogenase construction and map: a biochemical-genetic position.Annual Review of Microbiology, 49, 335-366. Smith S. E. , A ; Read D. J ( 2008 ) .Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, Third Edition. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. U.S. Department of Agriculture’s ( 2015 ) .The Soil Phosphorous Problem. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //passel.unl.edu/pages/informationmodule.php? idinformationmodule=1130447043 A ; topicorder=3 A ; maxto=15 A ; minto=1 U.S. Department of Agriculture’s ( 2015 ) .Nitrogen as a Food. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //passel.unl.edu/pages/informationmodule.php? idinformationmodule=1130447042 A ; topicorder=2 A ; maxto=8 How to cite The Symbiotic Relationships between Microbial Organisms and Plants, Essay examples

Effects and Causes of Globalization

Question: Discuss about the Effects and Causes of Globalization. Answer: Introduction Globalization is identified as the innovative process by which suitable changes are introduced on the complete level. The globalization impacts on growth, development, processing, management and the major aspects on an initial level. But, still it is not rectified that either the effects are positive or negative. Globalization is a curse or boon, this discussion is continuously going on, but the still the clear results are yet generated. Some authors and writers show positive aspects related to the globalization and some of them have the negative criteria for the impacts related to the globalization. To clarify the aspects related to the globalization and to make the studies transparent, it is essential to carry out a critical analysis on the topic i.e. Effects and causes of Globalization by assorting various articles and journals. The literature review defined below helps in showing four different sections in which the distinct topics are identified in the discussion. All these topi cs relate to the current aspects on context to the globalization. Globalization: Causes and Effects The effects of globalization are very common and familiar to the organizations. But, literatures are identified as the most common method to define the basic aspects and impact of globalization. The initialization of the globalization in the world is identified by the help of one of the journal which is written by the authors Ralph O. Gomory and Harold T. Shapiro. The author tries to frame the most basic perspectives related to the globalization in a more suitable manner. The historical details and challenges related to the data in 80s are explained by the help of this journal. The journal tries to define various aspects by taking examples from different countries and their specific government perspectives (Gomory Shapiro , 2003). The different markets which are identified for the specific discussion are the Japan, Singapore, U.S. and other countries. The two sub topics that are scientific leadership and the system profits are also maintained with the help of which the globalization can be categorized on a competitive level. The major positive aspect of the journal is that it assists in highlighting major aspects related to the globalization in a specific way. The journal is quite different from other journals because the past information of the globalization and the initial aspects related to it are specified on a wide level. But, the negative aspects of the journal are that the journal lacks in showing the statistical and graphical presentation, which is identified as the compulsory perspective for the success of any journal. Another journal is shared by Bhimasen Hantal. The journal mainly helps in covering the causes, regionalization and consequences related to the globalization. The journal mainly emphasizes on basic causes and impact defined by the globalization. There are various positive aspects managed by the journal, in which the globalization is simulated and coordinated with the help of liberalization and privatization. In this journal, the global politics, diplomacy related to the global aspects, global economy and the different aspects related to the globalization are being defined (Hantal, 2016). In comparison to the journal defined above, the individual discussion related to causes of globalization is stated through a wide angle and appropriate discussion. The individual causes for the globalization are required to be analyzed in this journal. The major causes related to the the concern are mentioned on suitable level. These causes are pressure from the business, by competitors and customers, removal of the obstacle and implementation of innovative aspects. These causes on the globalization are affecting in a negative manner to the market scenario. The positive side of this journal is that the author is completely focusing on the global perspectives to identify the globalization. Each and every perspective related to the globalization is being identified. The negative aspect is that the data and information is quite basic and general which is applicable for the beginners only. For those who want to identify the other aspects related to the globalization, this journal is not well approached. For increasing the knowledge of the people, the author can also come up with the different ideas and views related to the topic with the help of charts and graphs. Globalization: Causes on Economic development The globalization and its impact are not only visible in the economic development, but the effects are simultaneously visible to the economic development. In various countries, the effect is visible both in the negative and positive form. According to Don McCubrey, the negative and positive aspects of the globalization are clearly visible in the organization. To discuss the economic impact, the author directly focuses the impact on the development of business by the effects of globalization. In this journal, the positive impact of the globalization is shown on the business in the form of development of new opportunities, innovative ideas and approaches. In the business development aspects, the entrepreneurs play the most specific role. They contribute to the development and growth of the organization in a specific way (McCubbrey, 2016). The positive impact of globalization is being shown with the help of examples identified from the South East Asian country. In this particular region, the GDP of the country increases and simultaneous reduction in poverty is also identified. The economic expansion of the country shows remarkable numbers. Some of the positive aspects are related to the management of capital flow, identification of technology, smart importing and exporting aspects related to the organization. The production network is also expanding on the international level by introducing the concept of globalization. Apart from this, the negative aspects which are defined in the journal are incremental in the risk and the competition related to the organization is also defined by an adverse impact of the globalization (Ying, et al., 2014). The positive aspect of this journal is that it is able to provide the most suitable feedback for the growth and development of the globalization. By this, the most appropriate coordinated approach between the globalization and economic aspects can be defined. The negative aspect of this journal is that very few data is being covered on the positive and negative aspects. Apart from theoretical concepts, some statistical and numerical data can be used on the appropriate level to get positive feedback. The same criteria is being discussed by a different author, but with a distinct topic. According to the International journal in the social science, the group of various researchers are successful in delivering a suitable output for the impact of globalization on the economic development. The authors Muhammad Akram and Muhammad Asim Fahim, states that the exporting of products and services becomes very easy on the border (Akram, et al., 2011). The journal is mainly defined for the gulf countries. Due to the globalization, the economic aspects are defined on a wide level. The different stages related to the globalization are identified at an initial level. The stages which are helpful are traditional stage, takeoff stage, transitional stage and drive to maturity stage. This journal is successful in delivering the basic aspects related to the economic development and also provide the best possible aspects in context to the business perspectives. The negative aspect of this journal is t hat the main focus of the journal mainly depends upon the concept of the gulf countries. Some of the major areas and suburbs, regions of the gulf countries are still uncovered. The simultaneous feedback which is generated from both of these journals is that it is successful in generating the suitable reviews about the impact of globalization on economic development on a large scale. The appropriate improvements are also required for the literature to define the specific views in more advanced and transparent manner. Effects of Globalization on Environment The third topic which is identified in the discussion is the impact of globalization on the environment. The development and growth surely create an imbalance in the cyclic processing of the environmental activities. According to the authors Adil Najam, David Runnalls and Mark Halle, coordination of the environment and globalization is identified at an initial stage. The five propositions in relation to the process are required to manage with the appropriate journal. Through this journal, the author tries to provide the specification on different aspects. The globalization is treated on the basis of internationalization, liberalization, universalization and modernization. The five propositions that are mentioned in the journal are helpful in providing suitable assistance for the appropriate identification related to the globalization. Through these five propositions, the most appropriate assumption can also be identified which is related to the complete process of globalization (Naja m, et al., 2007). The positive aspects related to the journal are that framing of the content is done by the author on the wide landscape. The ideas and approach defined for a project is innovative and clear. Through this journal, the author also introduces different methods of supporting the issues in cotext to the globalization in a specific manner. In short, various approaches are identified with the help of this journal. The negative aspects related to the journal are that it only focuses on the specific aspects related to the organization. Only some of the specific propositions are mentioned in the complete journal which helps to provide only the specific data, so the complete analysis is not possible (Baek, et al., 2008). In a different article which is mainly shared by group of multiple authors, the environmental aspects are clarified on an initial level. Due to globalization, the technical and communication aspects are improving with a rapid rate. But simultaneously, in providing an appropriate support to the techniques, the flora and fauna of a particular area is suffering from the abnormalities. Some activists also define that the globalization also increases the consumption of products, due to which the ecological cycle related to the organization gets disturbed (Team, 2013). The globalization also leads to usage of various chemicals due to which the water and nearest weeds also suffers. The lifestyle and the living standards of the common people are also affected by the negative impact of the globalization. The health issues and problems among the children are also increasing due to the impact of the globalization. The positive side of this article is that the article is appropriate in framing major perspectives related to the environment. The article shows an adverse impact of globalization on the ecological cycle, flora and fauna. The article is not successful in defining proper statistics and calculative data for defining the end results related to the environment. The improvement in this perspective is essential to be identified. Impact of Globalization on Social Life The last discussion of the literature review is mainly related to the impact of globalization on the social life. There are various different types of discussion that are identified on the negative and positive level. According to Sapkota and J Bahadur, the globalization on the human aspect of growth in developing countries is identified through this article. The major contents that are covered with the help of this article are the impact of human development on human, gender development and human poverty. The specific research aspects and suitable methodology for completing the process is managed for providing suitable feedback related to the research. Different authors and writers have their specific approach for the specific article. The positive aspect of this article is that it is successful in defining the specific details related to the topic. The diagrammatic presentation and the charts helps in defining the details related to the impact on social life. But, the negative aspe ct of it is that it is not effective in clarifying the specific agenda related to the article (Sheffield, et al., 2013). Due to contribution of different authors, the report which is prepared is not accurate. The different aspects are creating a strong confusion in the specific views related to the globalization. One of the other article is related to the social impact of the globalization in developing countries. This article is shared by Eddy Lee and Marco Viverelli. The major aspects which are covered in the article are employment issues, issues related to the inequality, alleviation of the poverty and suitable implications related to the organization. All these aspects are helpful in showing the impact of globalization on the social events and activities. In general, various areas have been impacted due to the adverse effects of globalization (Lee Vivarelli, 2006). The poverty and inequality in providing the job opportunities are identified as the major areas to be concerned. Through this article, author also explains different questions and success in providing the suitable solution related to it in a specific manner. The positive aspects of the article are that it is successful in providing suitable assistance for the hidden areas related to the discussion in the developing countries. This article is successful in focusing towards both the homogeneous and the heterogeneous role of the globalization in the developing countries. Apart from this, the authors are not successful in managing the collected data in the suitable method. The data management is not appropriate for the suitable processing. By the help of the above article, proper social aspects and impact of globalization is visible in every possible way. Other than this, there are various areas that can be covered in the social contrast which are not being done here in the most suitable way. Conclusion The literature review is identified as the strongest platform in defining the articles and journals on a critical basis. In this literature review, the globalization and causes, effects related to it are mentioned in the specific manner. There are various articles and journals identified on the individual basis, which are helpful in shedding light towards the specific process of the globalization. The globalization shows its positive and negative effect in different manner to different domains. To manage the impact of the globalization, there are various solutions and developmental aspects related to the organization are required to be analyzed in the most suitable manner. The contribution from various authors and writers is capable of providing the suitable assistance related to the topic defined. The wide range of literature is specified in the suitable mode to explain the concept of globalization. It is recommended that for making the studies more specific and wide, the other hidden areas should also been identified for the further discussion. References Akram, M., Faheem, M. Abdullah, I., 2011. Globalization and its Impacts on the World Economic Development. International Journal of Business and Social Science, December, 2(23), pp. 1-7. Baek, J., Cho, Y. Koo, W., 2008. The Environmental Consequences of Globalization: A Country-Specific Time-Series Analysis, Available at: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/6510/2/497478.pdf?bcsi_scan_64741547a7fe261b=lxVISWMBSYnhjy28mUKS4rcSHJE+AAAATgwYOA==bcsi_scan_filename=497478.pdf Gomory, R. Shapiro , H., 2003. Globalization: Causes and Effects. Issues in science and technology journal, 19(4), Available at: https://ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol_2_No_23_Special_Issue_December_2011/36.pdf?bcsi_scan_64741547a7fe261b=0bcsi_scan_filename=36.pdf Hantal, B., 2016. Globalization: Causes, Consequences and Regionalization, Available at: https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/notes/globalization-notes/globalization-causes-consequences-and-regionalization/39742/ Lee, E. Vivarelli, M., 2006. The Social Impact of Globalization in the Developing Countries, Available at: https://ftp.iza.org/dp1925.pdf McCubbrey, D., 2016. Negative and positive effects of globalization for developing country business, Available at: https://www.boundless.com/users/235420/textbooks/business-fundamentals/international-business-for-the-entrepreneur-14/globalization-opportunities-and-threats-to-developing-country-business-55/negative-and-positive-effects-of-globalization-for-developing-country-business-253-15556/ Najam, A., Runnalls, D. Halle, M., 2007. Environment and Globalization: Five Propositions: International Institute for Sustainable Development, Available at: https://www.unep.org/gc/gc24/docs/FivePropositions.pdf?bcsi_scan_64741547a7fe261b=0bcsi_scan_filename=FivePropositions.pdf Sheffield, J., Korotayev, A. Grinin, L., 2013. Globalization: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow, Available at: https://www.hse.ru/data/2013/05/23/1299088719/Globalization.pdf Team, E., 2013. Globalization and Its Impact on the Environment, Available at: https://www.environment.co.za/environmental-issues/globalization-and-its-impact-on-the-environment.html Ying, Y. H., Chang, K. Lee, C., 2014. The Impact of Globalization on Economic Growth, Available at: https://ideas.repec.org/a/rjr/romjef/vy2014i2p25-34.html

Evolution of Knighthood Essays - Knight, Chivalry,

Evolution of Knighthood Evolution of Knighthood Knights evolved from the 10th century to the 13th century from less of a soldier class to a more wealthy or upper class. To begin, the knights in the 10th century were a vital warrior on the battlefield, while knights in the 13th century were being slowly phased out by the newer and more efficient technological advances. Next, the 10th century knights enjoyed tournaments because they gained valuable experience and had the ability to make money off the ransom of a captured knight. By the 13th century, a tournament system was developed that allowed knights to demonstrate the unique skills they had acquired throughout their training. This system established their dominance as an upper class through their ability to compete in these tournaments. Finally, the knights in the 10th century were careless and greedy because they had no form of chivalry or a code of honor. By the 13th century knights had developed a superior code of chivalry which furthered their advancement into the upper clas s. The armament and tactics of knights were surpassed by the technology like the longbow and gunpowder on the battlefield, forcing them to better their social status and merge with the noble class for their own survival. The evolution of the knight occurred when the knight lost effectiveness on the battlefield, upgraded tournament battles, and evolved into an upper class of citizens by exercising and establishing their own code of chivalry. To begin, knights in the 10th century exercised different battle tactics that proved to be of greater importance on the battlefield than that of knights in the 13th century. Knights in the 10th century were viewed as a necessity on the battlefield for their overall efficiency and effectiveness. Knights proved to be effective fighters in the 10th century through battles including the Battle of Hastings in 1066 and the Battle of Hattin in 1187. The Battle of Hastings was one battle where knights proved to be the deciding factor on the battlefield. The fighting style during the 10th century was generally close hand-to-hand combat. Weapons like the battle ax, short and long sword, the knight's lance, the mace were common choices of weaponry for the time period. During the Battle of Hastings in 1066, William Malmesbury describes the fighting style of William the Conquerors during the battle: William, too, was equally ready to encourage his soldiers by his voice and by his presence, and to be the first to rush forward to attack the thickest of the foe. He was everywhere fierce and furious; he lost three choice horses, which were that day killed under him. The dauntless spirit and vigor of the intrepid general, however, still held out. Though often called back by the kind remonstrance of his bodyguard, he still persisted until approaching night crowned him with complete victory. William the Conqueror guided his men all day, attempting to overcome his enemy by breaking their line of defense with relentless charging . He would eventually overcome his enemy by using the clever tactics of having his men suddenly retreat. When the Saxon army broke ranks to pursue the Normans, William had his men turn and quickly attacked while the Saxons were unorganized . The Battle of Hastings was a battle fought and won because of the skill and training of the Norman knights, and their close combat skills. The Norman knights proved their superior fighting skills and were the deciding factor in the Battle of Hastings. Another 10th century battle that exemplified the knight's fighting tactics on the battlefield had come during the battle of Hattin. The Battle of Hattin ended as a loss for the Christian knights to the superior fighting forces of Saladin and the Saracens. Guy of Lusignan, who was recently crowned king after the death of Baldwin V, ordered an attack on the Saracen army at Tiberius . He marched his men out into the dry and unforgiving desert for an entire day, only to arrive at Tiberius parched and driven to exhaustion from their travels. The heavy armored knight proved not to be as effective in the desert environment of the Middle East. The knight's armor and tactics developed in Europe did not match

Dillon v. Champion Jogbra Case Study

Dillon v. Champion Jogbra Case Study What are the legal issues in this case study Employment terms and conditions and wrongful termination are the most clear legal issues that are pointed out in this case study. The nature of employment offered by Jogbra is described as at-will employment. This ought to have been expressly communicated.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Dillon v. Champion Jogbra specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Taylor and Emir (2012), argues that such an employment status should be revealed during three critical junctures which are: when applying for the job, when giving the letter of offer and finally in the employee handbook. The company failed to do this and even their employee handbook did not clearly relay this information. When a person is being offered a job it is prudent that the management clearly states the nature of employment, from the case study it is evident that the management at Jogbra failed to avail this information during the hiring process. At the time of the interview, the sales vice president gave the impression it was a long term position and was of the opinion that it would take close to six months to be comfortable with the position, only to reverse this stand and say that within the first ten days the company had taken a new position, her employment would not work out. Janice (2013) notes that by not allowing a worker to perform or continue to perform their duties the worker can be considered victimized by the principal. The attitude of the management can be seen as victimization as they had not given her the time they has estimated it would take for her to get acquainted with the tasks. Dillon was a salaried employee and there are certain procedures that the company had to follow before firing her. The employee handbook described instances when an employee could be fired (Bales, Hirsch and Secunda, 2013). She had not breached any of the company policies and thus the grounds for losing her job were not in accordance with company policies leading to a wrongful termination.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Explain what the implied contract was in this case The nature of employment was not expressly communicated by management. Comments made during the interview seemed to imply that the position was long term. The promise for extensive training hinted that the company was ready to develop her skills for its benefit. Employee training and development is costly and companies do not make such investments for the sake of it, rather it is seen as a long term strategic move to create a competitive advantage. When a company takes such deliberate measures to the extent of recalling a predecessor to offer training, it is justified if employees read this as a sign of long term commitment to the company (Taylor and Emir, 2012). Even though the Jogbra offer s no employment contract and reserves the right to terminate employment at any time this does not mean that it does not offer long term employment opportunities to job seekers. The fact that between 1996 and 1997 the company developed a corrective action procedure as an addition to its employment manual implies that it was working on improving the job security of its employees. The corrective action procedure described an elaborate discipline system that was to be applied in a fair and consistent manner. The human resource manager clearly said that the company could not just fire a person; statements such as these give the impression that employees enjoy a certain degree of job security. It was not wrong for Dillon to expect a certain level of job security after assurances by company management as well as guidelines contained in the employee manual. The company failed to express is employment terms in a clear and unambiguous manner.Advertising We will write a custom case stu dy sample on Dillon v. Champion Jogbra specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Explain how the employer breached the implied contract From the case study it is evident that Jogbra does not have a definite position when it comes to the security of tenure of its employees. The position it takes is characterized by convenience and self interests. According to Janice (2013), there are general reasons for termination of employment despite the nature of employment. It can be based on the employee’s capabilities and qualifications with regard to the kind of work they are performing, if there are certain restrictions, employee redundancy or their conduct. Dillon’s termination of employment was not based on these general or those specified in the corrective action procedure leading to a breach of contract. At-will agreements provide no restrictions to contracting parties to modify or specify new terms of their agreement (Walsh, 2010). Dillonâ €™s terms of employment could have been easily modified once the management realized that things were not working out. The company’s decision to fire her in December was a breach of implied long term employment tenure. The employment manual cannot be relied on to provide guidance to either the employer or the employee on the status on their employment. Its ambiguity is prone to misinterpretation to suit the needs of the company at the expense of the employees. The management breached its agreement with Dillon when it failed to follow the guidelines as pertains termination of employment. Explain why the disclaimer in the employee manual does not have the effect desired by the employer The disclaimer contained in the employee manual states that policies and procedures stated therein are not part of an employment contract nor are they a sign of commitment to employees regarding how their terms of employment should be handled. To begin with, this disclaimer does not change th e fact that at-will agreement are subject to change by either parties (Walsh, 2010). The disclaimer is thus inconsequential should a party to the agreement decide to request a review of terms and conditions.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The disclaimer may not always serve the interests of the employers because many courts in the past have ruled that employee handbook only forms part of an at-will agreements, its contents however are not independent or necessary create contractual obligation or rights. The employee manual thus is a legal document but its contents do not force an employee to fulfill contractual obligations (Bales, Hirsch and Secunda, 2013). The laws of the land rule are more important than company regulations (Janice, 2013). If the disclaimer contravenes the laws of employment or infringes on the rights of employees then it fails to achieve its purpose. Disclaimers given in the employee manual does not affect national employee laws this is why Dillon was able to challenge her dismissal. It should be noted that the contents of employee manual do not prevent an aggrieved party form seeking the court’s intervention. References Bales, A., Hirsch, M., Secunda, M. (2013). Understanding Employment L aw. Ohio: LexisNexis. Janice, N. (2013). Employment law statues 2011-2012. California: Routledge. Taylor, S., Emir, A. (2012). Employment law: an introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Walsh, D. J. (2010). Employment law for human resource practice: 2010 custom edition. Mason, OH: South- Western Cengage Learning.

New World Meets the Old World-Spanish Settlement in Texas Essay

New World Meets the Old World-Spanish Settlement in Texas - Essay Example The various changes forced the two cultures to adapt due to changes brought by conflicting cultures but the Native American culture was the most affected. This, the paper focuses on the impacts that arose from the conquest of Texas by the Spaniards and the degree to which the locals suffered from cultural deterioration and imposing of new culture (Bolton, 2011). The Mayans, Aztecs, and the Toltecs occupied the western hemisphere, which formed major societies in Texas before invasion of the Spaniards. The Native Americans were initially hunters and fruit gatherers. With the invasion of the Spaniards, it brought three different worlds of Africa, Europe, and America into contact. In 1492, there were tribal extermination and individuals due to clashes in culture between the Native Americans and the Spaniards. This caused many deaths due to deadly diseases, which were brought in by the European newcomers. If disease and deaths moved haphazardly, from one Spaniard to another, Christianity was not an exception as it went through the same direction. In America, early encounters involved early missionaries, which included both the Protestants and Catholics who worked towards converting the natives to the new Christian faith. Reverend John Elliot who worked as the bible translator in 1663 translated the bible into Massachusetts’s language. ... One native by the name Pueblo made efforts to fight back by forming revolts in 1680. The Indian rebels made efforts to expel the Spanish colonizers. During the revolt, Pueblo attacked many missionaries, punished the Christians converts, and burned numerous churches. While these effects affected the Spaniards, education and trade were moving in two directions. Europeans were highly educated in the society. In America, the Spaniard elites were in a position to read and write. Thus, they started to spread their culture this through schools. In this regard, the Harvard College was built up in the 17th century. This was followed by the Dartmouth College, which was built in the 18th century. This college was meant to serve just a few individuals in society. The Indians who taught the natives on geography, climate, and food facilitated education. This enabled the natives to plan on planting and harvesting crops and other economic activities for their sustenance. Trading became an economic a ctivity but it was carried in two different ways. At first, the Europeans were using American land to cultivate it and ship the harvest back home while making huge profits. Though precious metals were the most profitable, there was no sign of any in Texas. The Europeans found fur, which was in plenty as the raw materials they could ship home. In South East, they found the soft hides from the whitetail deer which could be scraped, packed and later shipped back to Europe to make gloves and aprons. According to Kessell (2003), it was common for the natives to hunt animals, process their pelts and later ship to Europe. The barter trade had numerous anomalies as the Native Americans were unfamiliar to the products that came from Europe but European countries

Lack of Empowerment in Government Organization Essay

Lack of Empowerment in Government Organization - Essay Example In an organization, empowerment is a broad perspective of dealing with its culture, leadership, practices and employees. In this paper, lack of empowerment effects on employees and stakeholders of organization ABC is looked at critically. This will entail organizational structure stability, employees’ satisfaction and job security and performance evaluation and reward structure. The report will conclude by trying to recommend solutions and courses of action to treat or work around this problem. Objective and research question Objective of the paper is to analyze â€Å"lack of empowerment’s† effects to Government Organization (ABC). Research question: What are the effects Organization ABC faces for lack of empowerment implementation? This is the guiding principle for this paper ensuring that the paper analyzes the effects of â€Å"lack of empowerment† to the organization. Definition of the Problem The problem of â€Å"lack of empowerment† within government organization (ABC) was identified through a survey conducted by the Human Resources Department to assess the levels of employees’ satisfaction.The survey showed that many employees felt they were unsupported by their managers, and that they were not given the chance to make decisions, even at very low levels. The results of the survey were analyzed and most of the negative responses were established to be correlated to lack of empowerment.... The report will conclude by trying to recommend solutions and courses of action to treat or work around this problem.   Objective and research question Objective of the paper is to analyze â€Å"lack of empowerment’s† effects to Government Organization (ABC). Research question: What are the effects Organization ABC faces for lack of empowerment implementation? This is the guiding principle for this paper ensuring that the paper analyzes the effects of â€Å"lack of empowerment† to the organization. Definition of the Problem The problem of â€Å"lack of empowerment† within government organization (ABC) was identified through a survey conducted by the Human Resources Department to assess the levels of employees’ satisfaction. The survey showed that many employees felt they were unsupported by their managers, and that they were not given the chance to make decisions, even at very low levels. The results of the survey were analyzed and most of the neg ative responses were established to be correlated to lack of empowerment. This was Employee Opinion Survey (EOS) thus the results are valid and credible since reflect employees responses. The problem was linked mainly to the organizational structures adopted by the public sector organizations, which can be characterized as centralized, hierarchical through the divisional and departmental structures, bureaucratic, with vertical communication lines. This in turn was reflected in many different forms like wasted time and effort required going through the proper communication channels, as well as friction between organizational departments. The problem of â€Å"lack of empowerment† also had drastic impacts on

Ethical Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Ethical Dilemma - Essay Example As a result of such actions, I am forced to deal with the outcomes of someone else’s decision leading to a threat of a damaged reputation of a plant or even a criminal responsibility. Having found myself in such a situation, I would definitely inform management regarding the issue. I would do this for two reasons. First of all, because making a decision to bury the information once again would mean supporting a tendency of lying at a workplace. Second of all, because not revealing the truth might negatively affect my own career and put in danger employees working under inappropriate conditions, which might negatively affect their health. Thus, I would inform the management team about my finding, and negotiate with them the best possible way out of the situation. Thus, I would inform the remaining employees about the problem and then set an obligatory rule to wear hearing protection at work. Apart from it, I will gather all six workers and Frank and ask them to write an officia l explanation of the situation. As a result, the gap in an operating charter will be filled in order to avoid similar situations in the future. Although such a decision might negativly affect the reputation of Frank, the truth needs to be revealed for a sake of employee's well-being and enterprise's security not even mentioning that such a decision is the only possible one I can make if I want to be honest and dedicated to my work. Frank has made a mistake that affected other people as well, and it is fair to call him to account.

Telecommunications Services in the UK

Telecommunications Services in the UK Introduction Telecommunication can be specifically defined as â€Å"The science and technology of communication at a distance by electronic transmission of impulses, as by telegraph, cable, telephone, radio, or television† (Thefreedoctionary.com 2009). This brief introduction Traces back the telecommunications services in the United Kingdom, and sketches the evolution of BT from a monopoly in the UK to a global organization. BT is the worlds oldest telecommunications company. The company dates back to the first telecommunications company that was set up in the United Kingdom. As the various smaller companies amalgamated and were taken over by the big ones or collapsed, the companies that survived came to being under the state control, i.e. under the Post office. The British Telecommunications Act, which was passed in the year 1981 transferred the responsibility for telecommunications services from the Post Office, as a result two corporations were created. BT later on transferred into a privatized organization and came to be known as ‘British Telecommunications ‘. In the year 1982, the Government formally announced its intention to privatize British Telecom, with the idea of selling 51 percent of its shares to the public and investors. This intention was put into action by the government passing, the Telecommunications Act, 1984, In November of the year 1984, more than 50 per cent of British Telecom shares were sold to the public and interested investors and the process of privatization was complete. It was no more a state owned organization. It is the worlds oldest communications company. Fast forward to today and technology is the heart to BTs business. Innovation as put forward by BT is the combination or putting together of the technical know-how with commercial acumen, which as a result becomes even more crucial in todays, competitive world. 1.0-Mission Statement A ‘Mission statement is a very important and key factor of the organization as it clarifies the organizations purpose, its goals and its achievements in which the company sets their future objectives. Big companies generally avoid making the mission statement too narrow or either too broad. Organizations believe that the mission statements should be specific and market orientated. Mission statements should also be realistic and motivating. They should also be specifically precise in identifying the main domain in which the organization intends to operate. BTs ‘mission, their central purpose of existence, is to be the leader in delivering converged networked services, provide world-class telecommunications and information products and services, and to develop and exploit our networks, at home and overseas, so that we can: meet the requirements of our customers by being dedicated to helping customers thrive in a changing world. sustain growth in the earnings of the group on behalf of our shareholders, and make a fitting contribution to the community in which we conduct our business. Evidence to support the last point in the mission statement of BT is as follows, this is what the organization had to say towards the disabled community â€Å"Our mission is to drive consideration of disability issues deep into the operations of BT so that we enable equality of access to BTs portfolio and to communicate that effectively to our target audiences, so as to improve the quality of life of disabled people, and enhance shareholder value (Wiki.answers.com 2009 Accessed at 10-12-2009) 2.0-Key Objectives As a consultant, on the basis of detailed research carried out the key objectives of British telecommunications are as follows- Enhancing Customer satisfaction- BTs new CEO, Ben Verwaayen, places a major emphasis on enhancing consumer and customer satisfaction. He believes that corporate social responsibility is an integral step in enhancing consumer satisfaction. If the organization is responsible towards the society it helps creates a large consumer base. .British Telecommunications transformation programme specifically highlights three key objectives, namely being: To enhance the customer experience To accelerate product to market times To reduce BTs cost base- This can be done by aiming for ‘economies of scale. BT further needs a future-proof, flexible and intelligent network so as to enable them to deliver communications services that will meet the customers requirements and satisfy them which will in turn help BT achieving their goals. A few other objectives of British Telecommunication that the research highlights are as follows: Pursuing profitability- BT want to migrate existing customers to the new wave of products and services that they introduce, such as network IT services, broadband, mobility and managedservices. Maximizing the potential of the organizations traditional businesses. Retaining the market share- At present BT has more than 20 million business and residential customers with more 29 million telephone lines.

Evolution: Science vs. Religion :: essays research papers fc

"What is the most profound question that human beings can ask about themselves? It has to be: Where do we come from? That leads, of course, to: Where does all life come from?" These questions have interested humanity for years. Many different views on the origin of humankind have been debated and remain in question today. ( Edey, pg.1 ) One view is known as "creation-science". It is commonly understood to refer to a movement of Christian fundamentalists based upon an extremely literal interpretation of the Bible. Creation-scientist's do not merely insist that life was suddenly created; they insist that the job was completed in six days no more than ten thousand years ago, and that all evolution since that time has involved trivial modifications rather then basic changes. The existence of fossils, according to a Creation-scientist, is attributed to Noah's flood. ( Johnson, pg.4 ) "Creationism", another view on man's origin, means belief in creation in a more general sense. A Creationist may believe that the earth is billions of years old, and that simple forms of life evolved gradually to form more complex forms including humans. In addition to that belief, however, is the belief that a supernatural Creator initiated the life process and continues to control it. ( Johnson, pg.4 ) The most reasonable view on the origin of mankind is known as naturalistic evolution. It means a gradual process by which one kind of living creature changes into something different; evolution that is not directed by any purposeful intelligence. Another part of the idea is that more complex forms have arisen from simpler forms. Tracing back to the simplest living thing, a bacterium, scientists may find the origin of mankind by finding something even simpler, something out of which bacteria themselves came. Recent work has revealed the existence of a group of bacteria that are as different from other bacteria as the latter are from plants and animals. This discovery compels the reorganization of all life forms into a family tree unlike the traditional ones. Out of this reorganization comes a strong suggestion that there is a single ancestor to all modern forms of life. ( Edey, pg.297 ) The abundance of evidence that there was life much earlier then ten thousand years ago makes it easy to disprove the view of the Creation-scientists. It is hard to disprove the Creationist's view because it is similar to the view of naturalistic evolution. The only difference is simply that a Creationist believes in a divine Creator as opposed to life beginning naturally. An argument against Creationism can be found, however, in the imperfections of nature. "Perfection could be imposed by a wise Creator or by natural selection. Perfection covers the tracks of past history. And past history -- the evidence of descent -- is the mark of